The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.